Hormones & Endocrine Peptides

Research profiles for GnRH, HCG, HMG, oxytocin, TRH, CRH, VIP, and endocrine peptide analogs.

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Peptides vs hormones

Clarify signaling, replacement, receptor action, and common category confusion.

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What is IGF-1?

Review the GH–IGF-1 axis, measurements, feedback, and approved contexts.

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OxytocinOxytocin is a 9-amino acid endogenous neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus that regulates social bonding, stress response, wound healing, and inf…KisspeptinA neuropeptide encoded by the KISS1 gene that serves as the master regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, controlling GnRH release, pub…HCGHuman Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone consisting of 237 amino acids (alpha and beta subunits) that mimics luteinizing hormone, …TRH (Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone)Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, protirelin) is a hypothalamic tripeptide (pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) that stimulates TSH and prolactin release from the ant…CRH (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone)CRH is the 41-amino acid master regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, driving ACTH release and the cortisol stress cascade. CRH …ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, corticotropin) is a 39 amino acid peptide derived from POMC that stimulates cortisol synthesis in the adrenal corte…C-PeptideC-Peptide (Connecting Peptide) is a 31-amino acid peptide cleaved from proinsulin during insulin biosynthesis. Once considered biologically inert, it …DesmopressinA synthetic analog of arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) with potent antidiuretic activity and minimal vasopressor effect, used for enuresis, diabetes insip…EndolutenEndoluten is a complex peptide bioregulator preparation derived from pineal gland tissue, developed at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation a…GHRH (Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone)GHRH is a 44-amino acid endogenous hypothalamic peptide that stimulates pulsatile growth hormone release from the anterior pituitary. It is the primar…GlucagonGlucagon is a 29-amino acid counter-regulatory peptide hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that raises blood glucose through hepatic glycogenol…GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone)GnRH is a hypothalamic decapeptide that serves as the master regulator of vertebrate reproduction, controlling LH and FSH release from the anterior pi…GonadorelinGonadorelin (GnRH) is a decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone that stimulates LH and FSH release, with clinical applications in fertility assessm…HMGHuman Menopausal Gonadotropin (hMG/Menotropins) is a combination of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) extracted from pos…Insulin-Like Peptide 3 (INSL3)INSL3 (Relaxin-Like Factor) is a two-chain peptide hormone produced primarily by Leydig cells in the testes and theca cells in the ovary. It serves as…Kisspeptin-10Kisspeptin-10 is a synthetic decapeptide that activates the KISS1R (GPR54) receptor to modulate GnRH neuron signaling. It is researched for applicatio…Kisspeptin-54Kisspeptin-54 (metastin) is the full-length bioactive fragment of the KISS1 gene product (amino acids 68-121), a 54-amino acid peptide that activates …LanreotideA long-acting cyclic octapeptide somatostatin analog used in acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors, given as a deep subcutaneous depot every 4 weeks.

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Leuprolide (Leuprorelin)Synthetic nonapeptide agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone that, given as a depot, suppresses sex-hormone production; used in prostate cancer, en…MacimorelinOrally active ghrelin (GHSR1a) agonist and growth-hormone secretagogue, FDA-approved as a diagnostic test for adult growth hormone deficiency.OctreotideOctreotide (Sandostatin) is a synthetic cyclic octapeptide analog of somatostatin with a significantly longer half-life (~90 minutes vs ~1-3 minutes).…PasireotideA multi-receptor-targeted somatostatin analog with broad affinity across somatostatin receptor subtypes, used in Cushing's disease and acromegaly.PTH 1-84 (Full-Length Parathyroid Hormone)PTH 1-84 is the full-length 84-amino acid parathyroid hormone, the primary endogenous regulator of calcium homeostasis. Available as Natpara (for hypo…SOMATOSTATINSomatostatin (SRIF, somatotropin release-inhibiting factor) is a cyclic tetradecapeptide hormone that inhibits growth hormone secretion, regulates gas…ThymopoietinThymopoietin is a 49-amino acid thymic hormone discovered by Gideon Goldstein that induces T-cell differentiation and influences neuromuscular transmi…TRT (Testosterone Replacement Therapy)A clinical therapy guide covering testosterone replacement in men with diagnosed hypogonadism -- indications, formulations, benefits, risks and monito…TSH (Thyrotropin)Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin) is a 211 amino acid glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that drives thyroid hormone…

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